Ralph

Ralph is an autonomous AI agent loop that runs AI coding tools (Amp or Claude Code) repeatedly until all PRD items are complete. Each iteration is a fresh instance with clean context. Memory persists via git history, progress.txt, and prd.json.

Based on Geoffrey Huntley's Ralph pattern.

Read my in-depth article on how I use Ralph

Prerequisites

• One of the following AI coding tools installed and authenticated:
  • Amp CLI (default)
  • Claude Code (npm install -g @anthropic-ai/claude-code)
• jq installed (brew install jq on macOS)
• A git repository for your project

Setup

Option 1: Copy to your project

Copy the ralph files into your project:

# From your project root
mkdir -p scripts/ralph
cp /path/to/ralph/ralph.sh scripts/ralph/

# Copy the prompt template for your AI tool of choice:
cp /path/to/ralph/prompt.md scripts/ralph/prompt.md    # For Amp
# OR
cp /path/to/ralph/CLAUDE.md scripts/ralph/CLAUDE.md    # For Claude Code

chmod +x scripts/ralph/ralph.sh

Option 2: Install skills globally

Copy the skills to your Amp or Claude config for use across all projects:

For AMP

cp -r skills/prd ~/.config/amp/skills/
cp -r skills/ralph ~/.config/amp/skills/

For Claude Code

cp -r skills/prd ~/.claude/skills/
cp -r skills/ralph ~/.claude/skills/

Configure Amp auto-handoff (recommended)

Add to ~/.config/amp/settings.json:

{
  "amp.experimental.autoHandoff": { "context": 90 }
}

This enables automatic handoff when context fills up, allowing Ralph to handle large stories that exceed a single context window.

Workflow

1. Create a PRD

Use the PRD skill to generate a detailed requirements document:

Load the prd skill and create a PRD for [your feature description]

Answer the clarifying questions. The skill saves output to tasks/prd-[feature-name].md.

2. Convert PRD to Ralph format

Use the Ralph skill to convert the markdown PRD to JSON:

Load the ralph skill and convert tasks/prd-[feature-name].md to prd.json

This creates prd.json with user stories structured for autonomous execution.

3. Run Ralph

# Using Amp (default)
./scripts/ralph/ralph.sh [max_iterations]

# Using Claude Code
./scripts/ralph/ralph.sh --tool claude [max_iterations]

Default is 10 iterations. Use --tool amp or --tool claude to select your AI coding tool.

Ralph will:

1. Create a feature branch (from PRD branchName)
2. Pick the highest priority story where passes: false
3. Implement that single story
4. Run quality checks (typecheck, tests)
5. Commit if checks pass
6. Update prd.json to mark story as passes: true
7. Append learnings to progress.txt
8. Repeat until all stories pass or max iterations reached

Key Files

| File | Purpose | |------|---------| | ralph.sh | The bash loop that spawns fresh AI instances (supports --tool amp or --tool claude) | | prompt.md | Prompt template for Amp | | CLAUDE.md | Prompt template for Claude Code | | prd.json | User stories with passes status (the task list) | | prd.json.example | Example PRD format for reference | | progress.txt | Append-only learnings for future iterations | | skills/prd/ | Skill for generating PRDs | | skills/ralph/ | Skill for converting PRDs to JSON | | flowchart/ | Interactive visualization of how Ralph works |

Flowchart

View Interactive Flowchart - Click through to see each step with animations.

The flowchart/ directory contains the source code. To run locally:

cd flowchart
npm install
npm run dev

Critical Concepts

Each Iteration = Fresh Context

Each iteration spawns a new AI instance (Amp or Claude Code) with clean context. The only memory between iterations is:

• Git history (commits from previous iterations)
• progress.txt (learnings and context)
• prd.json (which stories are done)

Small Tasks

Each PRD item should be small enough to complete in one context window. If a task is too big, the LLM runs out of context before finishing and produces poor code.

Right-sized stories:

• Add a database column and migration
• Add a UI component to an existing page
• Update a server action with new logic
• Add a filter dropdown to a list

Too big (split these):

• "Build the entire dashboard"
• "Add authentication"
• "Refactor the API"

AGENTS.md Updates Are Critical

After each iteration, Ralph updates the relevant AGENTS.md files with learnings. This is key because AI coding tools automatically read these files, so future iterations (and future human developers) benefit from discovered patterns, gotchas, and conventions.

Examples of what to add to AGENTS.md:

• Patterns discovered ("this codebase uses X for Y")
• Gotchas ("do not forget to update Z when changing W")
• Useful context ("the settings panel is in component X")

Feedback Loops

Ralph only works if there are feedback loops:

• Typecheck catches type errors
• Tests verify behavior
• CI must stay green (broken code compounds across iterations)

Browser Verification for UI Stories

Frontend stories must include "Verify in browser using dev-browser skill" in acceptance criteria. Ralph will use the dev-browser skill to navigate to the page, interact with the UI, and confirm changes work.

Stop Condition

When all stories have passes: true, Ralph outputs <promise>COMPLETE</promise> and the loop exits.

Debugging

Check current state:

# See which stories are done
cat prd.json | jq '.userStories[] | {id, title, passes}'

# See learnings from previous iterations
cat progress.txt

# Check git history
git log --oneline -10

Customizing the Prompt

After copying prompt.md (for Amp) or CLAUDE.md (for Claude Code) to your project, customize it for your project:

• Add project-specific quality check commands
• Include codebase conventions
• Add common gotchas for your stack

Archiving

Ralph automatically archives previous runs when you start a new feature (different branchName). Archives are saved to archive/YYYY-MM-DD-feature-name/.

References

• Geoffrey Huntley's Ralph article
• Amp documentation
• Claude Code documentation